I suspect the Internal Storage on my device is failing. How can I confirm?

If this were a computer, I would check the S.M.A.R.T. data for each storage device. I am looking for something similar.

Misc:

• My device was released over three years ago. I’m running a Marshmallow, custom stock ROM, rooted with Magisk, and with Xposed installed.

• I recently wiped my device and reinstalled the custom ROM.

• When requesting root, MagiskManager often crashes and logcat reports: android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDiskIOException: disk I/O error (code 1034)

• I occasionally see other I/O error messages fly by on logcat

• From recovery, the e2fsck / fsck.f2fs commands report no filesystem errors.