So I was asked to do a quick 2048 game with C++ but using only stuff like arrays, structures, functions, pointers without using vectors, lambda and so on. The restrictions are here because it’s just a study exercise (or homework I should say).

I might comment out the following code if needed. This is what I’ve came up with so far:

#include <iostream> #include <ctime> #include <iomanip> #include <windows.h> #include <conio.h>  using namespace std;  enum colors  {     BLACK, BLUE, GREEN, CYAN, RED, PURPLE, YELLOW, GREY,     LIGHTGREY, LIGHTBLUE, LIGHTGREEN, LIGHTCYAN, LIGHTRED,     LIGHTPURPLE, LIGHTYELLOW, WHITE };  void setConsoleColor(int textColor, int bgColor)  {     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), (textColor + (bgColor * 16))); }  int randN(int start, int end) {     return rand() % (end - start) + start; }  int randN(int n1, int n2, int percent) {     if ((rand() % 100) < percent)         return n1;     else         return n2; }  enum Direction {     Left = 75,     Right = 77,     Up = 72,     Down = 80 };  struct Cell {     int x;     int y;     int value;      Cell()      {          x = -1;         y = -1;         value = -1;     }      Cell(int x, int y, int value)     {         this->x = x;         this->y = y;         this->value = value;     }      void setValue(int value)     {         this->value = value;     }      void display()     {         cout << setw(4) << value;     }      bool isEmpty()     {         return value == 0;     }      bool isEqualTo(Cell cell)     {         return value == cell.value;     } };  struct Game {     Cell *cells;     Cell *prevCells;     int size;     int score = 0;     int highscore;     int moves = 0;      bool isMoved()     {         for (int i = 0; i < size * size; i++)         {             if (!cells[i].isEqualTo(prevCells[i]))             {                 moves += 1;                 return true;             }         }         return false;     }      void Doubled(int points)     {         score += points;     }      bool isCellsFull()     {         for (int i = 0; i < size * size; i++)         {             if (cells[i].isEmpty())                 return false;         }         return true;     }      Cell &findCell(int x, int y)     {         for (int i = 0; i < size * size; i++)         {             if (cells[i].x == x && cells[i].y == y)                 return cells[i];         }         return Cell();     }      Cell &randEmptyCell()     {         if (isCellsFull())             return Cell();         int i;         do         {             i = randN(0, size * size);         } while (!cells[i].isEmpty());         return cells[i];     }      void create(int size)     {         this->size = size;         cells = new Cell[size * size];         prevCells = new Cell[size * size];          for (int x = 0, c = 0; x < size; x++)         {             for (int y = 0; y < size; y++, c++)             {                 cells[c] = Cell(x, y, 0);             }         }     }      void display()     {         for (int i = 0, c = 0; i < size + 1; i++)         {             for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)                 cout << " ----";             cout << endl;             if (i == size)                 break;             for (int j = 0; j < size + 1; j++, c++)             {                 cout << "|";                 if (j == size)                     break;                 if (cells[c].isEmpty())                     cout << setw(4) << " ";                 else                 {                     setConsoleColor(LIGHTGREEN, BLUE);                     cells[c].display();                     setConsoleColor(GREY, BLACK);                 }             }             cout << endl;         }         cout << "Score: " << score << "  Highscore: " << highscore << endl;         cout << "Moves: " << moves << endl;     }      void handleKey()     {         copy(cells, cells + size * size, prevCells);         _getch();         int ch = _getch();         switch (ch)         {         case Left:             moveCells(Left);             break;         case Right:             moveCells(Right);             break;         case Up:             moveCells(Up);             break;         case Down:             moveCells(Down);             break;         }     }      void moveCells(Direction dir)     {         int start = dir == Left || dir == Up ? 0 : size - 1;         int end = start == 0 ? size : -1;          for (int x = 0; x < size; x++)         {             for (int y = start; y != end; (start < end ? y++ : y--))             {                 Cell &c1 = dir == Left || dir == Right ? findCell(x, y) : findCell(y, x);                 if (c1.isEmpty())                     continue;                 for (int k = y + (start == 0 ? -1 : 1); k != (end == -1 ? size : -1); (start < end ? k-- : k++))                 {                     Cell &c2 = dir == Left || dir == Right ? findCell(x, k) : findCell(k, x);                     Cell &c3 = dir == Left ?  findCell(x, k + 1) :                                dir == Right ? findCell(x, k - 1) :                                dir == Up ?    findCell(k + 1, x) :                                               findCell(k - 1, x);                     if (c1.isEqualTo(c2))                     {                         c2.setValue(c2.value * 2);                         c1.setValue(0);                         Doubled(c2.value);                     }                     else if (!c2.isEmpty() && c3.isEmpty())                     {                         c3.setValue(c1.value);                         c1.setValue(0);                     }                     else if (k == start && c2.isEmpty())                     {                         c2.setValue(c1.value);                         c1.setValue(0);                     }                 }             }         }     }      void spawnCells(int amount)     {         for (int i = 0; i < amount; i++)         {             randEmptyCell().setValue(randN(2, 4, 85));         }     }      bool isOver()     {         if (!isCellsFull())             return false;         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)         {             for (int j = 0; j < size; j++)             {                 Cell &center = findCell(i, j);                 Cell &right = findCell(i, j + 1);                 Cell &bottom = findCell(i + 1, j);                  if (center.isEqualTo(right) || center.isEqualTo(bottom))                     return false;             }             return true;         }     }      bool isWin()     {         for (int i = 0; i < size * size; i++)         {             if (cells[i].value == 2048)                 return true;         }         return false;     } };  void main() {     setlocale(LC_ALL, "rus");      srand(time(0));      bool playAgain = true;     int highscore = 0;      do     {         Game game;         game.create(4);         game.spawnCells(2);         game.highscore = highscore;         game.display();          do         {             game.handleKey();             if (game.isMoved())                 game.spawnCells(1);             if (game.score > highscore)                 game.highscore = game.score;             system("cls");             game.display();         } while (!game.isWin() && !game.isOver());          if (game.isOver())         {             setConsoleColor(LIGHTRED, BLACK);             cout << "You won!" << endl;             setConsoleColor(GREY, BLACK);         }         else if (game.isWin())         {             setConsoleColor(LIGHTGREEN, BLACK);             cout << "You lost!" << endl;             setConsoleColor(GREY, BLACK);         }          cout << "Play again? y/n\n";         char ch;         do         {             cin >> ch;             if (ch != 'y' && ch != 'n')                 cout << "Incorrect!\n";         } while (ch != 'y' && ch != 'n');          switch (ch)         {         case 'y':             highscore = game.score;             system("cls");             break;         case 'n':             playAgain = false;             break;         }     } while (playAgain); } 

What do you think needs to be changed/simplified? Is there a way to increase readability? Also I would appreciate some general tips for writing console games like that.